Axioms of algorithmic logic: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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== Axioms of algorithmic logic == | == Axioms of algorithmic logic == | ||
<span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{14} \qquad K((\exists x)\alpha | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{14} \qquad K((\exists x)\alpha | ||
| − | (x))\equiv(\exists y)(K\alpha(x/y))\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ for\ y\notin V(K) </math></span> | + | (x))\equiv(\exists y)(K\alpha(x/y))\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ for\ y\notin V(K) </math></span> |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{15} \qquad K(\alpha\vee\beta)\equiv((K\alpha)\vee(K\beta))</math></span> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{16} \qquad K(\alpha\wedge\beta)\equiv((K\alpha)\wedge(K\beta))</math></span> | |
| + | |||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{17} \qquad K(\lnot\alpha)\Longrightarrow\lnot(K\alpha)</math></span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{18} \qquad ((x:=\tau)\gamma\equiv(\gamma(x/\tau)\wedge | ||
(x:=\tau)true))~\wedge((q:=\gamma\prime)\gamma\equiv\gamma(q/\gamma | (x:=\tau)true))~\wedge((q:=\gamma\prime)\gamma\equiv\gamma(q/\gamma | ||
| − | \prime)) | + | \prime))</math></span> |
| − | + | ||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{19} \qquad '''begin'''} $K;M$ \textbf{end} $\alpha | ||
\equiv K(M\alpha)$ | \equiv K(M\alpha)$ | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{20} \qquad \textbf{if} $\gamma$ \textbf{then} $K | ||
$ \textbf{else} $M$ \textbf{fi} $\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge M\alpha | $ \textbf{else} $M$ \textbf{fi} $\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge M\alpha | ||
)\vee(\gamma\wedge K\alpha))$ | )\vee(\gamma\wedge K\alpha))$ | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{21} \qquad \textbf{while}~ | ||
$\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}~$\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha | $\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}~$\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha | ||
)\vee(\gamma\wedge K($\textbf{while}~$\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}$% | )\vee(\gamma\wedge K($\textbf{while}~$\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}$% | ||
(\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha))))$ | (\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha))))$ | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{22} \qquad \displaystyle{\bigcap K\alpha\equiv | ||
(\alpha\wedge(K\bigcap K\alpha))}$ | (\alpha\wedge(K\bigcap K\alpha))}$ | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | \equiv(\alpha\vee(K\bigcup K\alpha)) | + | <span style="color: Blue"><math>Ax_{23} \qquad \bigcup K\alpha |
| + | \equiv(\alpha\vee(K\bigcup K\alpha))$ </span> | ||
Wersja z 17:51, 19 lis 2015
The axioms are grouped in three sets
Axioms of propositional logic
We are quoting the axiom system of Helena Rasiowa and Roman Sikorski
Any formula of a scheme listed below is an axiom of algorithmic logic. The signs [math]\alpha, \beta, \delta[/math] are to be replaced by a formula.
[math]Ax_1 \qquad ((\alpha\Rightarrow\beta
)\Rightarrow((\beta\Rightarrow\delta)\Rightarrow(\alpha
\Rightarrow\delta)))[/math]
[math]Ax_2 \qquad(\alpha\Rightarrow(\alpha \vee\beta))[/math]
[math]Ax_3 \qquad (\beta\Longrightarrow(\alpha\vee\beta))[/math]
[math]Ax_4 \qquad((\alpha\Longrightarrow\delta)~\Longrightarrow((\beta \Longrightarrow\delta)~\Longrightarrow~((\alpha\vee\beta )\Longrightarrow\delta)))[/math]
[math]Ax_5 \qquad((\alpha\wedge\beta )\Longrightarrow\alpha)[/math]
[math]Ax_6 \qquad((\alpha\wedge\beta )\Longrightarrow\beta)[/math]
[math]Ax_7 \qquad((\delta\Longrightarrow\alpha )\Longrightarrow((\delta\Longrightarrow\beta)\Longrightarrow(\delta \Longrightarrow(\alpha\wedge\beta))))[/math]
[math]Ax_8 \qquad ((\alpha \Longrightarrow(\beta\Longrightarrow\delta))\equiv((\alpha\wedge\beta )\Longrightarrow\delta))[/math]
[math]Ax_9 \qquad\ ((\alpha\wedge\lnot\alpha )\Longrightarrow\beta)[/math]
[math]Ax_{10} \qquad ((\alpha\Longrightarrow (\alpha\wedge\lnot\alpha))\Longrightarrow\lnot\alpha)[/math]
[math]Ax_{11} \qquad (\alpha\vee\lnot\alpha)[/math]
Axioms of predicate calculus
[math]Ax_{12} \qquad ((x:=\tau )true\Longrightarrow((\forall x)\alpha(x)\Longrightarrow(x:=\tau)\alpha (x))) \\ \qquad\qquad {\small where\ term\ }\tau {\ \small\ is\ of\ the\ same\ type\ as\ the\ variable\ x}[/math] [math]Ax_{13} \qquad (\forall x)\alpha(x)\equiv\lnot (\exists x)\lnot\alpha(x)[/math]
[math]Ax_{14} \qquad K((\exists x)\alpha (x))\equiv(\exists y)(K\alpha(x/y))\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ for\ y\notin V(K) [/math]
Axioms of algorithmic logic
[math]Ax_{14} \qquad K((\exists x)\alpha (x))\equiv(\exists y)(K\alpha(x/y))\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ for\ y\notin V(K) [/math]
[math]Ax_{15} \qquad K(\alpha\vee\beta)\equiv((K\alpha)\vee(K\beta))[/math]
[math]Ax_{16} \qquad K(\alpha\wedge\beta)\equiv((K\alpha)\wedge(K\beta))[/math]
[math]Ax_{17} \qquad K(\lnot\alpha)\Longrightarrow\lnot(K\alpha)[/math]
[math]Ax_{18} \qquad ((x:=\tau)\gamma\equiv(\gamma(x/\tau)\wedge (x:=\tau)true))~\wedge((q:=\gamma\prime)\gamma\equiv\gamma(q/\gamma \prime))[/math]
[math]Ax_{19} \qquad '''begin'''} $K;M$ \textbf{end} $\alpha \equiv K(M\alpha)$ \ltspan style="color: Blue"\gt\ltmath\gtAx_{20} \qquad \textbf{if} $\gamma$ \textbf{then} $K $ \textbf{else} $M$ \textbf{fi} $\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge M\alpha )\vee(\gamma\wedge K\alpha))$ \ltspan style="color: Blue"\gt\ltmath\gtAx_{21} \qquad \textbf{while}~ $\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}~$\alpha\equiv((\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha )\vee(\gamma\wedge K($\textbf{while}~$\gamma$~\textbf{do}~$K$~\textbf{od}$% (\lnot\gamma\wedge\alpha))))$ \ltspan style="color: Blue"\gt\ltmath\gtAx_{22} \qquad \displaystyle{\bigcap K\alpha\equiv (\alpha\wedge(K\bigcap K\alpha))}$ \ltspan style="color: Blue"\gt\ltmath\gtAx_{23} \qquad \bigcup K\alpha \equiv(\alpha\vee(K\bigcup K\alpha))$ \lt/span\gt[/math]
